The wide mobilization of social members' motivations for public service is the core driving force to improve the modernization level of governance through diverse governance paths, and it is also a basic condition for the effective operation of the whole-process people's democratic system. However, existing research has many limitations in terms of sample size, diversity, and representativeness, and is often confined to the examination of the civil servant group. This makes it difficult for existing research to answer questions such as how to stimulate wide-ranging social service motivation, which stimulation mechanisms are more effective, and the cross-group stability of stimulation effects, making it difficult to effectively provide reference for diverse governance practices. In response to the limitations of existing research, this paper conducts theoretical and operational optimization on the classic public service motivation research of Mogens Pedersen, adds new stimulation mechanisms and comparative designs, and replicates and tests the classic research findings based on a nationally representative sample of subjects. The experimental results of this paper show that the policy impact mechanism, which was not included in Pedersen's research, has the best stimulation effect and is significantly better than the altruistic and self-value mechanisms. Regarding stability, collectivism and self-value mechanisms show smaller cross-group differences. In terms of the conditional factors of the stimulation mechanism effect, gender and age factors have an impact that goes beyond social and economic variables such as family income and education level.