Along with the collapse of work unit system, the living space, social organization and urban management in China have gone through tremendous changes.  How to explain the connection between resident self-organization and government embeddedness in communities became the key to understand the state-society relation in current China.  Based on participant observation and in-depth interview, this article supplied an extended case study on a six-year long community conflict incident.  From the theoretical perspective of social capital construction, this article analyzed the formation process, expansion mechanisms and institutional limits for community grassroots self-organization. The findings are: the intangible capitals of the state, such as rule of law, facilitated the human capital’s conversion to community social capital, which became the foundation of grassroots self-organization.  The interlocking network based on we-chat groups, the online-offline interaction and the rules of democratic negotiation buttressed the structuration of grassroots self-organization based on bonding and bridging social capital, which thus overcome the vulnerability of self-organization. However, the interactions with residents’ committee and home-owners’ association did not gain the grassroots self-organization power and resources through building linking social capital with the state. This indicates the institutional limits to the sustainable development of grassroots self-organization in current governance structure of communities. 

随着单位制的解体,中国城市的居住空间、社会组织形式,以及基层政府的管理模式都发生了深刻的改变。如何解释社区中的居民自组织行为与基层政府的社区嵌入性之间的关系成为理解我国新时期国家与社会关系的关键。本文基于参与观察与深度访谈,对一起长达六年的社区冲突事件进行扩展案例研究,从社会资本建构的视角来分析社区自组织的形成过程、发展机制,及其制度局限。研究发现国家提供的法制等无形资本有助于个人的人力资本向社区社会资本的转变,从而促进社区自组织的形成。圈层嵌套的网络结构,线上线下的共同体构建,以及民主协商规范的形成促进了自组织基于融合性以及链合性社会资本的结构化过程,以此克服了自组织的脆弱性。自组织发展后期与居委会及业委会的互动未能成功建立和国家之间的联结性社会资本,揭示出自组织在当前社区治理体系中持续发展的制度困境。