Guided by the strategic goal of accelerating the construction of a strong science and technology（S&T）country, enhancing the overall effectiveness of the national innovation system（OENIS）has become one of the main concerns in the development of China's S&T innovation. This study presents the idea connotation of the OENIS from the meaning of effectiveness and overall effectiveness, based on the era background of Chinese path to modernization the theory of the national innovation system. And this study constructs an analytical framework for the OENIS from three dimensions: subject effectiveness, institutional effect, and spatial utility. Then proposes practical insights from three aspects: enhancing the benefits and capabilities of diversified innovation entities, stimulating the institutional effect of scientific and technological innovation, and enhancing the spatial utility of innovation fields. This work is highly valuable as it highlights the need of improving the OENIS in light of China's modernization strategy and offers theoretical justifications for achieving high-level scientific and technological self-reliance and constructing a robust scientific and technological nation.

在加快建设科技强国的战略目标引领下,提升国家创新体系整体效能成为我国科技创新事业发展的核心议题之一。基于中国式现代化的时代背景,立足于国家创新体系源起与发展,从效能及整体效能的含义出发,提出国家创新体系整体效能的概念内涵,构建了以主体效力、制度效应、空间效用为主要维度的国家创新体系整体效能分析框架。并从提升多元创新主体效力、激发科技创新制度效应、增强创新场域空间效用三方面提出提升国家创新体系整体效能的实践路径。本文揭示了中国式现代化战略目标下提升国家创新体系整体效能的重要价值,为实现高水平科技自立自强、建设科技强国提供理论阐释。