The report of the 19th National Congress of the Communist Party of China put forward "Insist on investigating bribery together", which will be the focus of future anti-corruption practice. However, the topic of public willingness to pay bribes has rarely been studied and discussed by domestic scholars. Therefore, an in-depth study of the factors influencing the public's willingness to pay bribes and their mechanisms can provide a theoretical basis for anti-corruption policies that take the public as an entry point, so as to prevent and reduce corruption at the source. The survey analysis of Henan residents found that public corruption tolerance plays a dual mediation effect among the influencing factors of public corruption tolerance. On the one hand, anti-corruption performance does not have a direct effect on public willingness to pay bribes, but has an indirect effect on public willingness to pay bribes by affecting public corruption tolerance. On the other hand, public corruption tolerance partially mediates the effect of corruption experience and public willingness to pay bribes. It is an important practical strategy to curb the public's willingness to pay bribes by strengthening the punishment of bribe-paying behaviors, perfecting the blacklist system of bribery, cultivating an honest cultural atmosphere in society and deepening publicity on fighting corruption and building a clean government to effectively reduce the public's corruption tolerance.