Drawing from the organizational theory,this study builds an analytical frame work for the data-sharing dilemma and conducts an analysis of the Big Data Bureau of J.City and Big Data Center of W.city.This study finds that the fragmentation of data-providing departments and the divergence of the data standard,data security,and risk avoidance,and other sharing dilemmas have different impacts on the two agencies of data governance.This is because the transaction costs between the two organizational structures varies in various institutional contexts such as the cost of data sharing,the capacity of accountability,agency benefits,and internal incentives are different for the two agencies of data governance.Dynamic changes in transaction costs lead to different results of data sharing.As a result,the policy suggestions are put forward from the perspective of organization structure and institution to enhance data sharing across government agencies.

本研究借鉴组织理论搭建数据共享困境生成机理的分析框架,以山东省J市大数据局和 W 市大数据中心为对象展开分析。研究发现,数据提供部门碎片化与数据标准差异、数据安全与风险规避等共享困境对两种机构的影响程度不同。究其原因,两种机构在制度环境变化中所面临的数据共享交易成本不同,具体包括数据共享技术成本、问责能力、部门利益与内部激励等方面的显著差异。交易成本的动态变化导致差异化的数据共享结果,由此本文从结构与制度维度提出数据治理机构推动跨部门数据共享的政策建议。