Since the late 1990s, Western countries have started a post-New public management (post-NPM) movement that transcends NPM. Using mythical, structural and value perspectives and taking as examples China’s 2008, 2013 and 2018 central government reforms, which are launched under the name of service-oriented government (SOG), this article attempts to explore the similarities and differences between the post-NPM and China’s SOG reforms, so as to promote the construction of an autonomous knowledge system of government reform with Chinese characteristics. The analysis shows that as a reform myth, SOG is a new concept beyond NPM, corresponding to the coming post-industrial society and cooperative governance. At the structural level, SOG reforms actively promote the super-ministry system, which is a post-NPM structural element, but also adhere to the reform content with Chinese characteristics, such as the Party’s leadership and leading groups. Seen from the value perspective, SOG reforms take serving the people as its value orientation, well beyond serving customs in NPM. Also, SOG reforms lead to the cooperative ethics for all human beings, which is also different from the creation of public value in post-NPM. Generally speaking, under the Party’s leadership, SOG reforms follow a Chinese way beyond NPM, and people's needs and demands are the internal driving force for SOG reforms.

20世纪90年代末以来,西方国家开启了超越新公共管理的 “后新公共管理”运动。借助迷思、结构和价值视角,以致力于服务型政府建设的2008年、2013年和2018年中国国务院机构改革为例,本文试图探究后新公共管理改革与中国服务型政府建设的联系与区别,助推中国特色机构改革自主知识体系的构建。研究表明,在迷思层面,服务型政府是一个超越新公共管理的新理念,面向后工业社会的合作治理。在结构层面,服务型政府建设积极推进具有后新公共管理结构性特征的大部制改革,但也坚持中国特色的改革内容,如党的领导和领导小组。在价值层面,服务型政府建设的价值导向是为人民服务,超越了新公共管理的为顾客服务;而且,服务型政府建设通向一种为了人的共生共在的合作伦理,区别于后新公共管理的创造公共价值。总体来看,在党的领导下,服务型政府建设走的是超越新公共管理的中国道路,人民的需要与诉求是服务型政府建设的内在驱动力量。