In the campaign-style enforcement, in addition to mobilizing local governments directly, the central government often mobilizes public participation, exerting pressure on local governments from above and below. Promoting sustainable public participation will be of great benefit to maintain the incentives for local governments and the achievements of campaign-style enforcement. We first explore how campaign-style enforcement affects public participation in the time dimension from a theoretical perspective: in the short term, campaign governance makes public participation possible by opening up political opportunities and promotes public participation by responding to their demands; however, the decline of public attention and the instability of the participation channels will threaten the sustainability of public participation in the long term. Second, we test the above inferences by collecting data on public petitions in two rounds of central inspection on ecological and environmental protection. The results show that: (1) the scale of public participation in the central ecological and environmental inspections tends to expand at the beginning but gradually shrinks, which makes it difficult to maintain long-term stability; (2) economic development factors are the main determinants of public participation compared to environmental pollution. It suggests that public participation in this process may not be motivated by the concerns for environmental protection but rather by demands for various issues of social governance arising from social development. These findings illustrate the dilemmas faced by public participation in campaign-style enforcement when it comes to achieving long-term effectiveness and regularity.

在运动式治理过程中,除了直接动员地方政府,中央很多时候还会动员公众参与,从上、从下一起向地方政府施压。持续性的公众参与将有利于保持对地方政府的激励和运动式治理的成果,增加运动式治理常规化的可能性。本研究首先从理论层面探索了运动式治理如何影响公众参与在时间维度上的变化:短期中,运动式治理通过开放政治机会使公众参与成为可能,并通过回应公众诉求推动公众参与的扩大;但是公众政策注意力的下降以及参与渠道的不稳定等因素将威胁公众参与的长期可持续性。其次,本文选取两轮中央生态环保督察中公众信访举报的数据检验了以上推论。结果表明,(1)中央生态环保督察中的公众参与规模呈现先扩大后缩小的趋势,难以维持长期稳定;(2)相较于环境污染程度,经济发展因素才是决定公众参与规模的主要因素,这说明公众参与的目的可能并不是出于对环境的关心而是社会发展催生出的社会治理各方面的诉求。以上两个主要结论都表明了运动式治理中的公众参与在实现长效化与常规化时面临的困境。