Abstract: The fair cognition of the people's educational policy includes two parts: the sense of fairness and the concept of fairness. It is embodied in two different levels, macro and micro, and plays an important role in the design and adjustment of educational policy. To analyze the factors of public compulsory education and college entrance examination system fairness condition and influence that the public education policy is stronger than the micro fair feeling; although the influence on education policy fairness cognition of gender and age demographic variables and level of education, income, region and other social structure variables have on the people however, specific factors of education policy fairness cognition of different levels and content is the presence of a certain degree of difference. Accordingly, continue to improve the macro education policy, macro security fair at the same time, to further improve the education policy environment, promote micro level educational fairness has become an important task for education policy reform.