Public service is the core concept of public administration and government reform in the 21st century. Improving the level of basic public service is an inevitable measure to meet citizens' life, survival and development, and the only way to achieve common prosperity. Based on the theory of official behavior and the reality of China's system, this paper constructs an explanatory framework of the impact of budget openness on the level of basic public services. At the same time, the empirical test is carried out by using China's provincial data. The study found that Chinese government officials are "social people" with the dual attributes of "public people" and "economic people". Budget disclosure has both direct and indirect effects on the basic public services of local governments. By further decomposing its effect, it is found that the role of budget disclosure in improving the level of basic public services still needs to be improved, the breadth and depth of budget disclosure need to be strengthened, and the assessment and training mechanism of local government officials need to be improved. Therefore, it is suggested to comprehensively deepen the field and scope of budget disclosure and improve the training and assessment mechanism of officials.