The ordering of social access to health care is a realistic presentation of hierarchical diagnosis and treatment and a focal goal of the Health China strategy. As an important policy tool to guide the health care behavior of the population, there is a lack of sufficient literature to support the actual effectiveness of the medical insurance differentiated compensation policy and whether there are differences in the types of services. Through empirical tests on CHARLS data, the study finds that: the medical insurance differentiated compensation policy has contributed to rationalization of outpatient attendance behavior and has had a limited impact overall; the structural mismatch between the policy-set health insurance reimbursement rates and the goal of ordering social pattern of health care is an important reason for limiting the effectiveness of the medical insurance differentiated compensation; under specific circumstances, the policy effect is subject to the moderating effect of medical service capacity, and the realization of the policy effect also takes into account the extent to which the reimbursement standard of health insurance matches the service capacity of medical institutions. The conclusions of the study provide a reference for the improvement of the differential compensation policy of health insurance and the realisation of the ordering of the social pattern of medical care.