In the process of promoting ecological civilization construction and implementing resource environmental protection，whether bottom-up social feedback plays an important role，and how local governments respond to public environmental appeals has attracted much attention. Based on provincial panel data from 2011 to 2020，the paper explores the impact of environmental social feedback on regional pollution emission，and constructs a "signal-constraint-response" model to further investigate why local governments respond differently to heterogeneous social feedback. This paper found that pollutant emissions in various regions showed a downward trend year by year，and social feedback was negatively correlated with regional pollutant emissions，that is，environmental social feedback can release certain signals and pressures to urge government responses. The subdivision of social feedback and governance tasks revealed that when local governments respond to environmental social feedback，they prefer to respond to strong-signal social feedback with outstanding signal effects，and to respond to explicit performance tasks with outstanding performance characteristics. Further analysis found that due to the scarcity of attention resources，and the resulting competition and allocation of attention，the differential response of local governments is a rational choice after comprehensive consideration. We believes that in order to improve the performance of environmental governance，government departments should further balance their response to different types of social feedback，balance the explicit performance and implicit performance governance in the field of environmental governance，and give full play to the coordination effect of environmental participation and government regulation.The research provides an important reference for understanding the social feedback performance and the form of government response from the perspective of environmental governance，and also makes certain contributions to the research Chinese environmental governance system.