In China's national governance field, which is characterized by a unitary state structure and a centralized administrative system, “vertically aggravating tasks between upper and lower levels of government” are the focus of extensive academic attention. However, combined with the empirical experience of the the reforms to streamline administration,delegate powers,and improve regulation and services in province A, we can see that there may also be “horizontally aggravating tasks between departments”. On the basis of case analysis, the author attempts to systematically explain the operation mechanism of “horizontally aggravating tasks between departments” from four aspects: coordinated target matter, legally authorized lead department, smooth and efficient pressure transmission, and professional and responsible personnel. It also believes that in the process of implementation of relevant policies, it can promote the organic combination of overall planning advantages and professional advantages, enhance the quality of communication and cooperation between relevant departments, solve the problem of information asymmetry in assessment and acceptance, and improve the
comprehensive ability and overall awareness of business personnel.Finally, it proposes optimization paths that focus on the comprehensive efforts of relevant departments, improve the reward and punishment mechanism for fulfilling responsibilities, emphasize the scientific and reasonable policy objectives, and enhance the publicity and guidance of relevant policies. By constructing a theoretical analysis framework for the related research of “horizontally aggravating tasks between departments”, we will make positive and beneficial explorations and efforts to expand and enrich the research perspective and research connotation of “aggravating tasks” in the field of China's national governance.