To construct a modern national governance system is an important task of reform in the new era. The logic of institutional reform in the new era has therefore shown a shift from functional transformation to modernization of the national governance system, bearing the core characteristics of “systematization”. There are four typical approaches, consisting of function integration,function division, horizontal coordination, and vertical coordination. Organizational changes led by the CPC account for the systematic institutional reform in new era. Via self-reform, organization expansion and capacity strengthening, the CPC designs the reform plan, reorganizes the reform system and implements the reform steps. As a result, the system reform is led by the national institution building process, the government reform is propelled by the reform of the party, and the administrative system reform is boosted by government sector reform. Therefore, to a certain extent, the systematic reform in new era transcends the “triple substitution” dilemma of past reform practice.However, the institutional reform still has a long way to go before realizing a modernized government as an effective system. In the future, it is necessary to furtherly clarify two relationships, one is among
government, market and society, and the other is between central and local government, and refine the reform procedures and measures based on the principles of modern rational government system.
